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February 2010 Vol. 138 , No. 2

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Clinical Advances in Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract

Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin and α-Fetoprotein as Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Anna S. Lok, Richard K. Sterling, James E. Everhart, Elizabeth C. Wright, John C. Hoefs, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Timothy R. Morgan, Hae–Young Kim, William M. Lee, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Jules L. Dienstag, HALT-C Trial Group

The outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor because of late diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of a-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-α-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) in the early diagnosis of HCC. Among 1031 patients randomized in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial, a nested case-control study of 39 HCC cases (24 early stage) and 77 matched controls was conducted to compare the performance of AFP and DCP. Testing was performed on sera from 12 months prior (month -12) to the time of HCC diagnosis (month 0).

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Issue Highlights

Clinical—Alimentary Tract

Mucosal Healing Predicts Sustained Clinical Remission in Patients With Early-Stage Crohn's Disease

Filip Baert, Liesbeth Moortgat, Gert Van Assche, Philip Caenepeel, Philippe Vergauwe, Martine De Vos, Pieter Stokkers, Daniel Hommes, Paul Rutgeerts, Severine Vermeire, Geert D'Haens, Belgian Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, North-Holland Gut Club

Clinical Advances in Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract

Efficacy of Ceftriaxone or Meropenem as Initial Therapies in Whipple's Disease

Gerhard E. Feurle, Natascha S. Junga, Thomas Marth

Clinical Advances in Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract

Peginterferon Alfa-2a/Ribavirin for 48 or 72 Weeks in Hepatitis C Genotypes 1 and 4 Patients With Slow Virologic Response

Peter Ferenci, Hermann Laferl, Thomas–Matthias Scherzer, Andreas Maieron, Harald Hofer, Rudolf Stauber, Michael Gschwantler, Harald Brunner, Christoph Wenisch, Martin Bischof, Michael Strasser, Christian Datz, Wolfgang Vogel, Karin Löschenberger, Petra Steindl–Munda, Austrian Hepatitis Study Group

Basic—Alimentary Tract

Loss of Parietal Cell Expression of Sonic Hedgehog Induces Hypergastrinemia and Hyperproliferation of Surface Mucous Cells

Chang Xiao, Sally A. Ogle, Michael A. Schumacher, Melissa A. Orr–Asman, Marian L. Miller, Nantaporn Lertkowit, Andrea Varro, Frederic Hollande, Yana Zavros

Inhibition of HDAC9 Increases T Regulatory Cell Function and Prevents Colitis in Mice

Edwin F. de Zoeten, Liqing Wang, Hong Sai, Wolfgang H. Dillmann, Wayne W. Hancock

Interleukin-1ß Promotes Gastric Atrophy Through Suppression of Sonic Hedgehog

Meghna Waghray, Yana Zavros, Milena Saqui–Salces, Mohamad El–Zaatari, C. Bharath Alamelumangapuram, Andrea Todisco, Kathryn A. Eaton, Juanita L. Merchant

Basic—Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Tract

MeCP2 Controls an Epigenetic Pathway That Promotes Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation and Fibrosis

Jelena Mann, David C.K. Chu, Aidan Maxwell, Fiona Oakley, Nian–Ling Zhu, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Derek A. Mann

Silymarin Inhibits In Vitro T-Cell Proliferation and Cytokine Production in Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Chihiro Morishima, Margaret C. Shuhart, Chia C. Wang, Denise M. Paschal, Minjun C. Apodaca, Yanze Liu, Derek D. Sloan, Tyler N. Graf, Nicholas H. Oberlies, David Y.–W. Lee, Keith R. Jerome, Stephen J. Polyak
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News and Announcements

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Gastroenterology has been featured in The New York Times, The New York Times Well Blog, the Guardian, Reuters, and on NPR!

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Read recent press releases.

New Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Course at Penn

Obtain the necessary tools and techniques for the endoscopic management of digestive and related disorders by attending the 3rd annual “Penn Live: GI Endoscopy and Liver Disease 2010” CME-certified course. The course is hosted by the University of Pennsylvania’s Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology. Click here for more details.

Thank You to Our 2009 Reviewers

The AGA Institute journals thank their 2009 reviewers for their invaluable input and expertise. To view a full listing of individuals who reviewed for the journal in 2009 click here.

Wanted: Editor-in-Chief for Gastroenterology

Applications due April 1, 2010. Term begins July 1, 2011. Read more.

New! Gastroenterology Supplemental Issue on Micronutrient Dosing

Read the November 2009 supplement to Gastroenterology, "Micronutrients in Parenteral Nutrition: Too Little or Too Much?". Based on proceedings from this year's annual American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Research Workshop, leading international experts present the latest information on correct dosages of parenteral vitamins and trace elements.

AGA Institute Course on Sedation

To learn more about the administration of sedation, attend the AGA Institute’s course, Sedation Competencies for the Endoscopy Team: A Hands-on Course for Gastroenterologists and Nurses on Jan. 17, 2010 in Las Vegas. View details at www.gilearn.org/sedationcourse.

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More news and announcements

Review

Resistance to Direct Antiviral Agents in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Christoph Sarrazin, Stefan Zeuzem

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure that leads to transplantation. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin, eradicates the virus in only about 50% of patients.


Imaging and Advanced Technology

In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Colorectal Cancer With Confocal Endomicroscopy by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Martin Goetz, Alex Ziebart, Sebastian Foersch, Michael Vieth, Maximilian J. Waldner, Peter Delaney, Peter R. Galle, Markus F. Neurath, Ralf Kiesslich

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, technical challenges have limited in vivo imaging of EGFR in CRCs. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) enables accurate microscopic visualization of CRC in patients during endoscopy.


Editorial

The Role of Bile Acids in Gallstone-Induced Pancreatitis

Markus M. Lerch, Ali A. Aghdassi

It is well established that, once a gallstone begins to migrate through the biliary tract, it poses a risk for developing pancreatitis. The question remains how gallstones cause pancreatitis during their passage towards the duodenum.